Our Geography Curriculum

Article 1: Everyone under the age of 18 has rights (children should learn that all children everywhere have the same rights).

Article 7: Every child has the right to a nationality.

Article 29: education should teach children to respect their natural environment. Education must teach children to live responsibly encourage the child’s respect for the environment.

Our goal is for our children to become geographers. Geographers must have:

An excellent knowledge of where places are and what they are like.
An excellent understanding of the ways in which places are interdependent and interconnected and how much human and physical environments are interrelated.
An extensive base of geographical knowledge and vocabulary.
Fluency in complex, geographical enquiry and the ability to apply questioning skills and use effective analytical and presentational techniques.
The ability to reach clear conclusions and develop a reasoned argument to explain findings.
Significant levels of originality, imagination or creativity as shown in interpretations and representations of the subject matter.
Highly developed and frequently utilised fieldwork and other geographical skills and techniques.
A passion for and commitment to the subject, and a real sense of curiosity to find out about the world and the people who live there.
The ability to express well-balanced opinions, rooted in very good knowledge and understanding about current and contemporary issues in society and the environment.

Fundamental Foundations

We believe that for children to secure greater depth, it is important that they first have solid fundamental foundations. Fundamental foundations should not be rushed and so the notion of ‘rapid progress’ must be dismissed. Instead the goal of repetition should be seen as both useful and necessary. This is why you will see us returning regularly to geographical knowledge and concepts.

Cognitive Domains - Degrees of Understanding

We refer to three degrees of understanding and thinking ‘Basic’, ‘Advancing’ and ‘Deep’.

BASIC – Low level cognitive demand. Involves acquisition of fundamental foundations.

ADVANCING – Higher level cognitive demands beyond recall. Requires application involving some degree of decision making in how to apply fundamental foundations.

DEEP – Cognitive demand involves non-standard, non-routine, inter-connected, multi-step thinking in problems with more than one possible solution. Requires reasoning and justification for the inventive application of fundamental foundations.

Time scales for progression through the cognitive domains

Milestone 1 – Y1 & Y2

Milestone 2 – Y3 & Y4

Milestone 3 – Y5 & Y6

Each milestone should be seen as containing two phases. In the first phase, pupils should repeat the content a sufficient number of times to secure fundamental foundations; in the second phase, they should apply the foundations in order to reach the ‘expected’ standard. If they reach this before the end of the second phase, they should move on to tasks that will secure greater depth. Thus, progress through the cognitive domains take two years.

It is expected that by the end of Year 1, pupils should be able to complete the BASIC tasks to secure fundamental foundations and by the end of Year 2, the ADVANCING tasks. It is also reasonable that a number of children may move on to the DEEP activities if they secure an early understanding of advancing.

Milestone 3

Y1 & Y2

Milestone 2

Y3 & Y4

Milestone 3

Y5 & Y6

Beginning

Advancing

Deep

Beginning

Advancing

Deep

Beginning

Advancing

Deep

Page 144 of the Primary National Curriculum 2014 states:

‘While it is important that pupils make progress, it is also vitally important that they develop secure understanding of each key block of knowledge and concepts in order to progress to the next stage. Insecure, superficial understanding will not allow genuine progress: pupils may struggle at key points of transition (such as between primary and secondary school), build up serious misconceptions, and/or have significant difficulties in understanding higher-order content.’

We believe that it is therefore extremely important to secure the fundamental foundations before trying to secure greater depth.

Curriculum Breadth, Depth & Progression Principles

We have carefully planned our curriculum to ensure progression as well as breadth and depth. These are the principles we have adhered to:

We revisit the same micro-topics in both years of a milestone so that pupils have a chance to connect topics together (intra-curriculum links)
Threshold concepts are returned to regularly within and through all the milestones
Planning ensures that we move from basic to advancing, with some children achieving deeper learning over the two years within a milestone

Curriculum Content

Breadth of study

Key Stage 1

Key Stage 2

Investigate the world’s continents and oceans.
Investigate the countries and capitals of the United Kingdom.
Compare and contrast a small area of the United Kingdom with that of a non-European country.
Explore weather and climate in the United Kingdom and around the world.

Locate the world’s countries, with a focus on Europe and countries of particular interest to pupils.
Locate the world’s countries, with focus on North and South America and countries of particular interest to pupils.
Identify key geographical features if the countries of the United Kingdom, and show an understanding of how some of these aspects have changed over time.
Locate the geographic zones of the world.
Understand the significance of the geographic zones of the world.

Building a Geography Schema at Globe

Our pupils will form a geography schema* by:

using concepts as the basis for schema. We call these threshold concepts; these are the big ideas which form the basis for the subject schema. In geography the threshold concepts are investigate places, investigate patterns and communicate geographically.
strengthening the schema with knowledge. The knowledge comes from our topics. Within each topic are knowledge categories, the facets of each threshold concept that helps to strengthen the schema. The geography knowledge categories are location, physical features, human features, diversity, physical processes, human processes and techniques.
further deepening connections through tasks. This is what is developed though our planning.

*Schema – A subject schema is a way of organising knowledge in a meaningful way; it is an appreciation of how facts are connected and they ways in which they are connected. A schema is distinct from information, which is just isolated facts that have no organisational basis or links.

Threshold Concept Broken into Milestones - Progression Through Key Stages

At Globe we teach these three threshold concepts throughout KS1 and KS2. These are the big ideas that underpin the subject. The three threshold concepts are:

Investigate places

This concept involves understanding the geographical location of places and their physical and human features.

Investigate patterns

This concept involves understanding the relationships between the physical features of places and the human activity within them, and the appreciation of how the world’s natural resources are used and transported.

Communicate geographically

This concept involves understanding geographical representations, vocabulary and techniques.

Milestone 1 â€‹Milestone 2 â€‹Collect and analyse statistics and other information in order to draw clear conclusions about locations.

Identify and describe how the physical features affect the human activity within a location.
Use a range of geographical resources to give detailed descriptions and opinions of the characteristic features of a location.
Use different types of fieldwork sampling (random and systematic) to observe, measure and record the human and physical features in the local area. Record the results in a range of ways.
Analyse and give views on the effectiveness of different geographical representations of a location (such as aerial images, compared with maps and topological maps – as in London’s Tube map).
Name and locate some of the countries and cities of the world and their identifying human and physical characteristics, including hills, mountains, rivers, key topographical features and land-use patterns; and understand how some of these aspects have changed over time.
Name and locate the countries of North and South America and identify their main physical and human characteristics.

Collect and analyse statistics and other information in order to draw clear conclusions about locations.

Identify and describe how the physical features affect the human activity within a location.
Use a range of geographical resources to give detailed descriptions and opinions of the characteristic features of a location.
Use different types of fieldwork sampling (random and systematic) to observe, measure and record the human and physical features in the local area. Record the results in a range of ways.
Analyse and give views on the effectiveness of different geographical representations of a location (such as aerial images, compared with maps and topological maps – as in London’s Tube map).
Name and locate some of the countries and cities of the world and their identifying human and physical characteristics, including hills, mountains, rivers, key topographical features and land-use patterns; and understand how some of these aspects have changed over time.
Name and locate the countries of North and South America and identify their main physical and human characteristics.

Identify and describe the geographical significance of latitude, longitude, Equator, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic Circle, and time zones (including day and night).

Understand some of the reasons for geographical similarities and differences between countries.
Describe how locations around the world are changing and explain some of the reasons for change.
Describe geographical diversity across the world.
Describe how countries and geographical regions are interconnected and interdependent.

Describe and understand key aspects of:

Physical geography, including: climate zones, biomes and vegetation belts, rivers, mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes and the water cycle.
Human geography, including: settlements, land use, economic activity including trade links, and the distribution of natural resources including energy, food, minerals, and water supplies.
Use the eight points of a compass, four-figure grid reference, symbols and a key (that uses standard Ordnance Survey symbols) to communicate knowledge of the United Kingdom and the world.
Create maps of locations identifying patterns (Such as: land use, climate zones, population densities, height of land).

Describe and understand key aspects of:

Threshold Concept	Milestone 1	Milestone 2	Milestone 3
Investigate places	Ask and answer geographical questions (such as: What is this place like? What or who will I see in this place? What do people do in this place?). Identify the key features of a location in order to say whether it is a city, town, village, coastal or rural area. Use world maps, atlases and globes to identify the United Kingdom and its countries, as well as other countries, continents and oceans studied. Use simple fieldwork and observational skills to study the geography of the school and the key human and physical features of its surrounding environment. Use aerial images and plan perspectives to recognise landmarks and basic physical features. Name, locate and identify characteristics of the four countries and capital cities of the United Kingdom and its surrounding seas. Name and locate the world’s continents and oceans.	Ask and answer geographical questions about the physical and human characteristics of a location. Explain own views about locations, giving reasons. Use maps, atlases, globes and digital/computer mapping to locate countries and describe features. Use fieldwork to observe and record the human and physical features in the local area using a range of methods including sketch maps, plans and graphs and digital technologies. Use a range of resources to identify the key physical and human features of a location. Name and locate countries and cities of the United Kingdom, geographical regions and their identifying human and physical characteristics, including hills, mountains, cities, rivers, key topographical features and land-use patterns; and understand how some of these aspects have changed over time. Name and locate the countries of Europe and identify their main physical and human characteristics.	Collect and analyse statistics and other information in order to draw clear conclusions about locations. Identify and describe how the physical features affect the human activity within a location. Use a range of geographical resources to give detailed descriptions and opinions of the characteristic features of a location. Use different types of fieldwork sampling (random and systematic) to observe, measure and record the human and physical features in the local area. Record the results in a range of ways. Analyse and give views on the effectiveness of different geographical representations of a location (such as aerial images, compared with maps and topological maps – as in London’s Tube map). Name and locate some of the countries and cities of the world and their identifying human and physical characteristics, including hills, mountains, rivers, key topographical features and land-use patterns; and understand how some of these aspects have changed over time. Name and locate the countries of North and South America and identify their main physical and human characteristics.
Investigate patterns	Understand geographical similarities and differences through studying the human and physical geography of a small area of the United Kingdom and of a contrasting non-European country. Identify seasonal and daily weather patterns in the United Kingdom and the location of hot and cold areas of the world in relation to the Equator and the North and South Poles. Identify land use around the school.	Name and locate the Equator, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic Circle and date time zones. Describe some of the characteristics of these geographical areas. Describe geographical similarities and differences between countries. Describe how the locality of the school has changed over time.	Identify and describe the geographical significance of latitude, longitude, Equator, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic Circle, and time zones (including day and night). Understand some of the reasons for geographical similarities and differences between countries. Describe how locations around the world are changing and explain some of the reasons for change. Describe geographical diversity across the world. Describe how countries and geographical regions are interconnected and interdependent.
Communicate geographically	Use basic geographical vocabulary to refer to: physical features, including: beach, coast, forest, hill, mountain, ocean, river, soil, valley, vegetation and weather. Key human features, including: city, town, village, factory, farm, house, office and shop. Use compass directions (north, south, east and west) and locational language (e.g. near and far) to describe the location of features and routes on a map. Devise a simple map; and use and construct basic symbols in a key. Use simple grid references (A1, B1).	Describe and understand key aspects of: Physical geography, including rivers, mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes and the water cycle. Human geography, including settlements and land use. Use the eight points of a compass, four-figure grid references, symbols and key to communicate knowledge of the United Kingdom and the wider world.	Describe and understand key aspects of: Physical geography, including: climate zones, biomes and vegetation belts, rivers, mountains, volcanoes and earthquakes and the water cycle. Human geography, including settlements, land use, economic activity including trade links, and the distribution of natural resources including energy, food, minerals, and water supplies. Use the eight points of a compass, four figure grid references, symbols and a key (that uses standard Ordnance Survey symbols) to communicate knowledge of the United Kingdom and the world. Create maps of locations identifying patterns (Such as: land use, climate zones, population densities, height of land).

Curriculum Breadth Maps (topics) - Intent

Milestone 1 Curriculum Map

Milestone 2 Curriculum Map

Milestone 3 Curriculum Map

How we Implement our Curriculum

Our Geography Policy

Example Geography lesson - Milestone 1

Example Geography lesson - Milestone 2

Example Geography lesson - Milestone 3